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It may be difficult for a veterinarian
to form quick diagnoses for suspected allergies in dogs. Often
the source of the allergen is detected through trial and error.
The vet will first give the dog a through and systematic examination
and ask the owner some detailed questions relating to the dog’s
diet and lifestyle. With a good medical history a proficient
veterinarian can group symptoms together to form a diagnosis.
Usually the
vet will rule out the possibility of a food allergy first.
If the dog is displaying both skin and gastro-intestinal symptoms
it is more than likely to be suffering from a food allergy.
The vet will start the dog on an elimination diet to pinpoint
the suspect ingredient. Protein is the first culprit in the
form of beef, lamb or chicken but preservatives, colourings
and additives in some commercial dog foods can cause allergies
as well.
If the vet suspects an inhalant allergy he will carry
out a scratch test or an 'Intradermal' test which involves
allergens being injected just under the skin. The dog is examined
after 20-30 minutes. If the dog reacts to a particular allergen
a swelling will appear under the skin.
In some cases the vet
may take a blood sample to be sent to the laboratory for testing.
The blood test will include a Radioallergosorbent (RAST) test
this indicates the presence or absence of allergic antibodies
in the dog. The RAST test has the disadvantage of taking longer.
Diagnosing
a flea allergy is relatively easy. If fleas are present, by
parting the dog’s fur behind the ears or
at the base of the tail, fleas may be visible to the naked
eye. If fleas are not visible their dirt will be. The vet will
shake some of the fur onto a damp white tissue. Flea dirt will
turn red as it is mostly comprised of digested blood. |
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